In 2006, Estonia was one of the first countries to create a Computer Emergency Response Team to manage security incidents. “Baltic elves” – volunteers who monitor the internet for Russian disinformation – became active in 2015 after the Maidan Square events in Ukraine. Moreover, the Baltic nations have fined or suspended several media channels displaying bias. The Baltic countries also rely on a European Union agency formed in 2015 to combat Russian disinformation campaigns directed against the EU. The agency was created to issue rapid alerts to the public in case of potential disinformation directed against the 2019 European Parliamentary Elections.
