
A selection of what has been uncovered in the realm of climate disinformation:
- The disinformation campaign of the plastic lobby to defend PFAS (in French), by Le Monde (16/01/2025)
- A valuable and generous ally’: How Exxon and Atlas Network worked to block global climate action, by DeSmog (09/12/2024)
- Who’s Behind One of the Major Accounts Promoting Climate Denialism on X?, by Mother Jones (04/12/2024)
- Robo-COP29: Bots boosted propaganda promoting petrostate host, by CAAD (22/11/2024)
- It’s not just oil giants seeking to sway the climate talks. Their favourite PR firms are in Baku (COP29), too, by DeSmog (20/11/2024)
- Army of bots promotes petrostate hosting global climate talks, by The Washington Post (29/10/2024)
- Scores of suspicious accounts on X promote the Azerbaijan government’s messages on COP29, by Global Witness (29/10/2024)
- An investigation into climate change misinformation on LinkedIn, by Ripple Research (01/10/2024)
- Ad exchanges are monetising climate change misinformation, by Check My Ads and CAAD (26/09/2024)
- Russia-backed media group’s (Tenet Media) climate lies on social media, by Friends of Earth (25/09/2024)
- Disinformation dollars, by Global Witness (23/09/2024)
- The ABCs of AI and environmental misinformation, by DeSmog (18/09/2024)
- Dirty money: how fossil fuel sponsors are polluting sports, by New Weather (18/09/2024)
- NATO accuses Russia of pushing climate and green energy disinformation, by National Observer (22/07/2024)
- How big finance greenwashes climate crisis culprits, by Voxeurop (25/06/2024)
- The new climate denial: How social media platforms profit by spreading new forms of climate denial, by CCDH (16/06/2024)
- Flame wars, misinformation and wildfire in Canada’s climate conversation, by Re.Climate (11/06/2024)
- Climate obstruction across Europe, by CSSN (30/05/2024)
- The Drilled 2024 guide to climate disinformation, by Drilled Media (19/05/2024)
- Unleashing the power of renewable energy: debunking myths and revealing top facts, by Friends of Earth (08/05/2024)
- How the oil and gas industry smuggles corporate propaganda into schools, by Rolling Stone (05/05/2024)
- Far right newspaper (The Epoch Times) promotes climate disinformation on Meta, by Global Witness (03/05/2024)
- Climate security and misinformation: A baseline and Geoengineering and climate change in an age of disinformation and strategic competition, by The Council on Strategic Risks (23/04/2024)
- Pathways Alliance paid Google to advertise on ‘greenwashing’ searches, by DeSmog (18/04/2024)
- Revealed: The climate denial network behind ‘classic astroturf’ farmers’ campaign, by DeSmog (08/02/2024)
- Wellness influencers fueled pandemic misinformation. Now they’re targeting another crisis by CNN (05/02/2024)
- The fraud of plastic recycling, by Climate Integrity Center (01/02/2024)
- The disinformation report: Harvesting denial, distractions & deception, by Freedom Food Alliance (01/02/2024)
- Reuters, New York Times: Top list of fossil fuel industry’s media enablers, by DeSmog and Drilled (05/12/2023)
- Deny, Deceive, Delay Vol. 3: Climate information integrity ahead of COP 28, by CAAD (29/11/2023)
- Contextualizing discourses of climate delay, by the Cambridge University (17/11/2023)
- Information pollution. The fossil fuel industry’s favorite narratives, by Drilled (09/08/2023)
- The climate change-denying TikTok post that won’t go away, by BBC (29/06/2023)
- YouTube’s climate denial dollars, by CAAD (10/05/2023)
- Don’t stop me now: the growing disinformation threat against climate change, by EU DisinfoLab (17/04/2023)
- Don’t stop me now II: the growing disinformation threat against climate change in Belgium, by EU DisinfoLab (06/02/2023)
- Deny, Deceive, Delay Vol. 2: Exposing New Trends in Climate Mis- and Disinformation at COP27, by ISD (19/01/2023)
- Los Eco-Ilógicos: Una mirada dentro de la extensa red en línea que difunde desinformación sobre el cambio climático a las comunidades de habla hispana en todo el mundo, by Graphika and Friends of Earth (13/10/2022)
- Deny, Deceive, Delay: Documenting and Responding to Climate Disinformation at COP26 and Beyond, by ISD (09/06/2022)
- Meta-denial: How Facebook fails to keep up with the evolving tactics of today’s climate misinformers, by Avaaz (16/12/2021)
- A comic adaptation of the ‘Discourses of climate delay’ study of the MCC, by Celine Keller (01/05/2021)

A selection of climate disinformation policies and platform enforcements:
- TikTok fails to enforce its own policies on climate misinformation during COP29, by Global Witness (06/12/2024)
- Extreme weather, extreme content: How Big Tech enables climate disinformation, by CAAD (11/11/2024)
- The climate crisis is here, but climate disinformation still isn’t a priority for tech companies, by Global Witness (28/06/2024)
- 24 organizations and academics call on Google to demonetize and stop amplifying climate denial content (22/04/2024)
- Underperforming & Unprepared, by CAAD (18/04/2024)
- Managing climate risks – protecting people and prosperity. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions (11/03/2024)
- Climate of misinformation: ranking Big Tech, by Friends of Earth (25/09/2023)
- Platforms’ policies on climate change misinformation, by EU DisinfoLab (20/09/2023)
- In the Dark: How social media companies’ climate disinformation problem is hidden from the public, by Friends of the Earth, Avaaz, and Greenpeace USA (21/04/2022)

AI, climate change and disinformation – the good and the bad in this series of publications:
- AI could create a perfect storm of climate misinformation, by Stockholm Resilience Centre and the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics (21/10/2024)
- ChatGPT: climate knowledge – and misinformation – at your fingertips, by Climate Foresight (24/08/2024)
- Can virtual humans combat climate change misinformation?, by UF (18/04/2024)
- The AI threats to climate change, by CAAD (07/03/2024)
- AI can spread climate misinformation ‘much cheaper and faster”, by NewsGuard (31/03/2023)

Archive of recommended readings:
- Meta invites climate disinformation by tossing fact-checkers, by Politico (08/01/2025)
- Right-wing media resume misleading attacks on hurricane recovery efforts after Biden announces humanitarian assistance for Africa, by Media Matters (13/12/2024)
- ‘I have to live in a cocoon’: locals in Pennsylvania feel ‘sacrificed’ for Shell plastics plant, The Guardian (11/12/2024)
- The Oil industry is helping to spread misinfo about whale deaths, by New Republic (09/12/2024)
- Why countering climate misinformation must be a priority, by LSE (02/12/2024)
- Smoking gun proof’: fossil fuel industry knew of climate danger as early as 1954, documents show, The Guardian (30/11/2024)
- New UN initiative aims to counter climate disinformation, by UN (19/11/2024)
- Green Agenda or a ‘Global Plot’?, by EUvsDisinfo (08/11/2024)
- Campaign with lies, govern with lies, by Kate Cell at UCSUSA (07/11/2024)
- DANA and floods in Spain: disinformation narratives and conspiracy theories, by Maldita (04/11/2024)
- How Saudi Arabia’s Neom Giga project became a global showroom of false climate solutions, Heinrich-Böll Foundation European Union (04/11/2024)
- Reindustrialisation, battery factories and Hungary’s workforce gamble, Heinrich-Böll Foundation European Union (25/10/2024)
- How climate change misinformation and apathy helped Trump win, by Sentient Media (04/11/2024)
- Baseless claims proliferate on hurricanes Helene and Milton, by Factcheck (11/10/2024)
- Hurricane Milton sparks conspiracy theories about Republican voters being targeted by geoengineering, by Euronews (08/10/2024)
- Hidden hazards: Disinformation and waste in Hungary’s battery boom, Heinrich-Böll Foundation European Union (03/10/2024)
- Energy leadership quest takes Saudi Arabia from big oil to big hydrogen, Heinrich-Böll Foundation European Union (26/09/2024)
- How Italy’s largest fossil fuel company uses ‘Green’ bonds as a loophole to keep financing hydrocarbons, by DeSmog (16/09/2024)
- The Hague becomes world’s first city to pass law banning fossil fuel-related ads, by The Guardian (13/09/2024)
- The Trump campaign echoes right-wing media’s lies about an EV mandate, by Media Matters (10/09/2024)
- ‘Massive disinformation campaign’ is slowing global transition to green energy, by The Guardian (08/08/2024)
- Dutch and U.S. climate deniers join forces as Europe shifts to the right by DeSmog (24/07/2024)
- How Big Oil gaslights Europe on climate policy, by Social Europe (22/07/2024)
- Climate deniers at the 118th U.S. Congress, by American Progress (18/07/2024)
- The new merchants of doubt: How Big Meat and Dairy avoid climate action, by Changing Markets (18/07/2024)
- France’s CNews fined for broadcasting climate scepticism unchallenged, by Euronews (12/07/2024)
- We exposed the shift to ‘New Climate Denial`, by CCDH (09/07/2024)
- How Europe’s conspiracy influencers went from Covid-19 to the climate, by RollingStone (03/07/2024)
- No, UK weather is not being manipulated, by BBC (03/07/2024)
- How can media react to disinformation, climate change?. insights of a panel organised by DW (18/06/2024)
- Climate disinformation, heat resilience & sustainability leadership, by Institute for Global Sustainability (18/06/2024)
- Reform UK’s climate denial undermines democracy, by LSE (17/06/2024)
- Climate and environmental journalism under fire, by the International Press Institute (09/06/2024)
- Godfathers of climate chaos, by UN Secretary-General António Guterres (05/06/2024)
- Climate misinformation poses a bigger threat to democracy than you might think, by Nature (05/06/2024)
- Inoculating against climate mis- and disinformation: Case studies from the US and the UK, by Tech Policy (04/06/2024)
- WHO declares climate change a threat to global health, by WHO (31/05/2024)
- What the shell! By Badvertising (21/05/2024)
- Rise of climate disinformation in April 2024, by EDMO (21/05/2024)
- How oil companies manipulate journalists, by The Nation and Drilled (15/05/2024)
- Stopping the spread of misinformation: Is psychological inoculation the key?, by Jacob Carter (09/05/2024)
- A vaccine for climate misinformation, by DeSmog (08/05/2024)
- Why a famous climate scientist says ‘no’ to gig oil money, Progressive.org (07/05/2024)
- EU’s Green Deal target of disinfo ahead of June vote, by Euractiv (06/05/2024)
- What narratives are being promoted by climate change denialists? Reports by Climate Facts Europe (05/05/2024)
- Manifesto against the rise of climate denialism, polarization and hate on social media, by Valentina Raffio, Isabel Moreno y Verónica Pavés (02/05/2024)
- Joint declaration on climate crisis and freedom of expression, by UN, OSCE, ACHPR, OAS (02/05/2024)
- 70% of environmental journalists faced attacks in the last 15 years, with a surge in online disinformation, by UNESCO (02/05/2024)
- Information Pollution: A Primer, by Drilled (30/04/2024)
- Denial, disinformation, and doublespeak: big oil’s evolving efforts to avoid accountability for climate change. By US Senate Budget Committee and Democrats on the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability (30/04/2024)
- What are climate misinformation and disinformation and what is their impact?, by LSE (22/04/2024)
- Climate-washing” litigation deters misinformation, but can it help cut emissions? by LSE (17/04/2024)
- How to spot five of the fossil fuel industry’s biggest disinformation tactics, by The Guardian (14/04/2024)
- How to spot climate misinformation – and what can we do about it?, by ACT Climate Labs’ Kathryn Bonner (09/04/2024)
- The climate vote, by Climate Foresight (09/04/2024)
- Interview with Michael Mann, Climate disinformation is on the rise. Here’s how to fight back, by Salon (02/04/2024)
- A green new shine for a tired playbook, by DeSmog (21/03/2024)
- Stopping greenwashing: how the EU regulates green claims, EP (21/03/2024)
- A Dutch court has ruled that KLM had misled customers, by Reuters (20/03/2024)
- A Trojan horse of legitimacy”: Shell launches a ‘climate tech’ startup advertising jobs in oil and gas, The Guardian and Drilled (26/02/2024)
- Can we be inoculated against climate misinformation? Yes – if we prebunk rather than debunk, The Conversation (15/02/2024)
- EU’s waffling on climate goals is allowing far-right to piggyback to power, according to environmental activist, Isabel Schatzschneider (13/02/2024)
- How fossil fuel money stalled Britain’s commitment to net zero, by Hazel Healy and Heinrich-Böll Foundation European Union (12/02/2024)
- Climate scientist Michael Mann has been awarded $1 million after right-wing bloggers attempted to defame him, The Washington Post (08/02/2024)
- What is climate misinformation, and why does it matter?, by DW (25/01/2024)
- Yes, climate activism can win and how the U.K. activists dove into bureaucracy to crack down on greenwashing , by Heated World (11/01/2024)
- What is climate change? A really simple guide, by BBC (10/01/2024)
- Navigating climate disinfo in the digital age, by Angel Bautista (20/12/2023)
- Climate denial in American politics, by Gerald Kutney (04/12/2023)
- Psychological inoculation strategies to fight climate disinformation across 12 countries, by Nature (Tobia Spampatti, Ulf J. J. Hahnel, Evelina Trutnevyte & Tobias Brosch) (30/11/2023)
- At COP28, the road to climate action is paved with big oil loophole language, by DeSmog (30/11/2023)
- Climate lies ramp up ahead of crucial climate talks in Dubai, by DW (29/11/2023)
- Climate, news and fake news. Navigating the climate crisis between science and information, by Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change and WWF (15/11/2023)
- Don’t Get Duped! Six tricks used to spread climate disinformation (and six tools to discover them), by CCN (11/11/2023)
- Tackling misinformation on climate change, by UN (30/10/2023)
- To cover climate change well, journalists must be prepared to identify what misinformation looks like, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (13/10/2023)
- The Atlas network: Meet the shadowy network vilifying climate protestors, by Drilled and DeSmog (12/09/2023)
- Tweets, ads, and lies: Researchers are fighting against climate misinformation , by Boston University (23/08/2023)
- 10 climate change myths debunked, by Covering Climate Now (16/08/2023)
- Correcting climate change misinformation on social media: Reciprocal relationships between correcting others, anger, and environmental activism (01/08/2023)
- Behind the push to re-brand LNG as “green”, by Drilled (19/06/2023)
- Climate misinformation in a climate of misinformation, by Stockholm Resilience Centre (16/06/2023)
- Climate change disinformation vs greenwashing, by CCDH (09/06/2023)
- What is climate mis- and disinformation, and why should we care?, by Stockholm Resilience Centre (25/05/2023)
- When health and climate misinformation overlap, by Stockholm Resilience Centre (25/05/2023)
- Climate change misinformation: Tackle through computational social science, by University of Cambridge (31/01/2023)
- The European Climate Pact (by the Directorate-General for Climate Action) recommendations about How to deal with climate disinformation (06/12/2022)
- Rampant disinformation is delaying climate action, by UN Under-Secretary-General Melissa Fleming (20/05/2022)
- Laurence Vardaxoglou: ‘The climate-ambivalent community in Europe is large and deserves attention’, by European Science media hub (13/04/2022)
- ‘Don’t Look Up’ Director, Adam McKay, on climate, misinformation and the role of comedy, by WEF (04/03/2022)

Get to know who is who in the climate disinformation community:
ACT Climate Labs
ACT Climate Labs. A group of advertising and climate experts with a track record of creating innovative and impactful creative campaigns around social issues and climate change. Their mission is to supercharge the effectiveness of climate communications with advertising techniques that make climate action mainstream and get others to follow their lead. This starts with climate communicators breaking out of their own bubble and engaging a key target audience: the Persuadables.
Climatefeedback
Climatefeedback. A worldwide network of scientists sorting fact from fiction in climate change media coverage. Their goal is to help readers know which news to trust.
Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD)
Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD) is a coalition of 50 climate groups, all tracking various threads of climate disinfo. They provide a journalist guide, a great backgrounder on climate disinformation, a newsletter, and lots of other resources on their website.
Climate Facts Europe
Climate Facts Europe. A database created in collaboration with 24-member organisations of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network. Its purpose is to increase cross-country collaboration while promoting access to verified climate information.
Climate GPT
Climate GPT. This chatbot, that provides data and information in 20 languages, has passed several tests and controls ensuring that it does not spread climate misinformation.
Climate Investigation Center
This center was established in 2014 to monitor the individuals, corporations, trade associations, political organisations and front groups who work to delay the implementation of sound energy and environmental policies that are necessary in the face of ongoing climate crisis.
Climate Social Science Network (CSSN)
Climate Social Science Network (CSSN) a site for peer-reviewed research on climate disinformation.
Covering Climate Now
Covering Climate Now hosts a wealth of information on its website, including several posts and guides tackling disinformation.
DeSmog
DeSmog. Journalistic and activist website that focuses on topics related to climate change. Its Climate Disinformation Database contains and extensive research on the individuals and organizations that have helped to delay and distract the public and our elected leaders from taking needed action to reduce greenhouse gas pollution and fight global warming.
Drilled media
This global multimedia reporting project focused on climate accountability by investigating and understanding the various drivers of delay on climate action.
EDMO Climate
In this thematic section, EDMO will engage in addressing climate change-related disinformation by providing tools and resources to raise awareness on the importance of checking facts related to climate change and environmental sustainability, spot disinformation and spread information on the climate emergency in a responsible way.
European Science-Media Hub
European Science-Media Hub (European Parliament) brings scientists, journalists and policymakers together.
FactCRICIS
FactCRICIS is an initiative to improve the capacities of European fact-checking organisations to tackle crisis situations. It supports fact-checkers to identify and debunk disinformation campaigns related to climate change and other crises, fostering more rapid, impactful and coordinated responses within and across European borders
Friends of Earth (FoE)
Friends of Earth (FoE) campaign on today’s most urgent environmental and social issues. We challenge the current model of economic and corporate globalisation and promote solutions that will help to create environmentally sustainable and socially just societies. One of FoE programs is exclusively focused on Climate disinformation.
Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD)
Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) is an independent, non-profit organisation dedicated to safeguarding human rights and reversing the rising tide of polarisation, extremism and disinformation worldwide. Among their working areas, ISD identifies, monitors and analyses online information operations targeting the climate policy agenda.
Maldito Clima
In this section of Maldita.es (a Spanish media outlet established as a non-profit foundation dedicated to fact checking) you will find clues on who to fight climate misinformation while resolving doubts about the environment, explain what its relationship is with health, energy or the consumption model and what actions are more or less useful to confront this global problem.
Skeptical Sciente
This website provides information and resources such an encyclopedic list of evidence-based refutations of climate misinformation.
Stop Funding Heat
Stop funding heat: This is a campaign mainly powered by volunteers, created by not-for-profit Reliable Media. They are campaigning to make climate denial and misinformation unprofitable
The Center for Climate Integrity (CCI)
The Center for Climate Integrity (CCI)‘s mission is to empower communities and elected officials with the knowledge and tools they need to hold oil and gas corporations accountable for decades of lying about climate change. Through strategic campaigns, communications, and legal support, CCI ensures that the fossil fuel industry pays its fair share of the massive costs of climate damages.
The Conscious Advertising Network
The Conscious Advertising Network (CAN), is an international not-for-profit member organisation Focused on breaking the economic link between advertising and harmful content. Its manifesto ‘Sustainability’ claims that the content advertisers create, and the processes by which they are created, should be sustainable and responsibly considered, avoiding creating or funding climate crisis misinformation.
Verified for Climate
Verified for Climate is a joint initiative of the United Nations and Purpose to stand up to climate disinformation and put an end to the narratives of denialism, doomism, and delay.
Crisis Navigator and Guidelines for non science journalists (COALESCE)
Crisis Navigator for Rapid Mobilisation of Science Communication is designed as a strategic resource to support the rapid mobilisation of science communication in times of crisis. This first version specifically addresses science communicators, based on the guiding question: How can science communicators contribute when a crisis emerges?
The guidelines for non-science journalists help address complex issues in communicating science and technology, particularly during crises such as climate change, soil and water-related emergencies, pandemics, and the societal impact of AI.